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被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。图片
1、各种时态的被动语态被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。结 构例 句一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词主语+be going to+be+过去分词The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here.在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。2、被动语态的用法（1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou.（2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children.（3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone.（4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan.3、主动语态变被动语态的方法记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤：（1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。（2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。（3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。（4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。（5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.4、被动语态的几种特殊形式（1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。（2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang.2.He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short.3.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning.【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.（3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。（4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语)5、主动结构表示被动意义（1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。（2）当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。（3）不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。（4）不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。// This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。（5）sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。（6）be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。1.This kind of drink tastes strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。2.Our teacher looks younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。6、不用被动语态的情况（1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对）The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对）（2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误）He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误）（3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误）They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误）7、被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。（1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如：The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）（2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如：The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）（3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。图片
（4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。（5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 本站仅提供存储服务，所有内容均由用户发布，如发现有害或侵权内容，请点击举报。